Materi TKA Bahasa Inggris SMA: Passive Voice

Dalam ujian TKA SMA, khususnya pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris, siswa tidak hanya diuji pemahaman kosa kata dan tata bahasa, tetapi juga kemampuan menganalisis makna bacaan. Salah satu materi yang sering muncul pada TKA adalah Passive Voice atau kalimat pasif.

Passive Voice penting karena sering digunakan dalam teks bacaan akademik, berita, maupun scientific reports. Banyak pertanyaan pada TKA SMA meminta siswa mengidentifikasi fungsi, struktur, hingga maksud dari kalimat pasif di dalam teks. Oleh karena itu, menguasai materi Passive Voice akan memudahkan siswa memahami bacaan dengan lebih cepat dan menjawab soal dengan tepat.

1. Definisi Passive Voice

Passive Voice adalah bentuk kalimat di mana subjek kalimat dikenai tindakan (receives the action), bukan melakukan tindakan.

• Active Voice: The teacher explains the lesson.
  (Guru menjelaskan pelajaran → subjek “the teacher” melakukan tindakan).
• Passive Voice: The lesson is explained by the teacher.
  (Pelajaran dijelaskan oleh guru → subjek “the lesson” menerima tindakan).

2. Fungsi Passive Voice dalam Bacaan

Dalam teks bacaan, Passive Voice digunakan untuk:

1. Menekankan objek atau hasil tindakan, bukan pelakunya.
   • The new law was approved yesterday. (Yang penting adalah “hukum baru disetujui”, bukan siapa yang menyetujui).
2. Jika pelaku tidak diketahui atau tidak penting.
   • The window was broken last night. (Tidak diketahui siapa yang memecahkan jendela).
3. Gaya bahasa formal atau ilmiah.
   • The experiment was conducted in 2024. (Umum dipakai di scientific reports).
4. Memberikan kesan objektif.
   • It is believed that climate change will affect agriculture. (Memberi kesan netral, bukan opini pribadi).

3. Rumus Umum Passive Voice

Passive Voice dibentuk dengan pola:

Subject + to be + past participle (V3) + (by + agent/pelaku, optional)

Contoh dalam beberapa tenses:

• Simple Present:
  • Active: They clean the room every day.
  • Passive: The room is cleaned every day.
• Simple Past:
  • Active: She wrote the letter yesterday.
  • Passive: The letter was written yesterday.
• Present Continuous:
  • Active: They are watching a movie.
  • Passive: A movie is being watched.
• Future Tense:
  • Active: They will publish the book next year.
  • Passive: The book will be published next year.
• Present Perfect:
  • Active: They have finished the project.
  • Passive: The project has been finished.

4. Pola Umum dalam Bacaan TKA Bahasa Inggris

Dalam bacaan TKA SMA, Passive Voice biasanya muncul dalam bentuk:

• Deskripsi sejarah (The city was founded in 1770.)
• Laporan ilmiah (The samples were analyzed in the laboratory.)
• Berita formal (The agreement was signed by both parties.)
• Peristiwa tanpa pelaku jelas (Many houses were destroyed by the flood.)

Contoh Soal dan Pembahasan TKA Bahasa Inggris

Bacaan TKA Bahasa Inggris untuk Soal 1–3

Read the passage below:

In 1928, a new medicine called penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming. The discovery was considered one of the most important breakthroughs in medical history. Later, penicillin was used to treat various bacterial infections, and millions of lives were saved.

Penicillin was not discovered by accident alone, but through Fleming’s careful observation in his laboratory. He noticed that a certain type of mold, Penicillium notatum, had killed or prevented the growth of several types of bacteria. This unexpected finding became the foundation for modern antibiotics, which transformed the way diseases were treated.

At that time, infections such as pneumonia, scarlet fever, and wound infections were often deadly because no effective medicine was available. When penicillin began to be developed and used, these once life-threatening illnesses could finally be cured more safely. For this reason, penicillin was widely recognized as a “miracle drug.”

During World War II, penicillin was mass-produced and distributed to soldiers on the battlefield. Countless wounded soldiers were saved from serious infections thanks to this medicine. After the war, the production of penicillin spread rapidly across the world, making it accessible to millions of people.

The impact of penicillin went beyond medicine alone. It marked the beginning of a new era in science and healthcare, encouraging researchers to search for more antibiotics. As a result, many new drugs were discovered, further reducing mortality rates caused by infectious diseases.

Even today, penicillin remains one of the most widely used antibiotics in the world. Although new bacteria resistant to penicillin have emerged, its discovery is still remembered as a turning point in medical history. Fleming’s work continues to inspire scientists to this day.

Question 1

What is the main purpose of using the passive sentence “penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming”?

A. To emphasize the discoverer.
B. To emphasize the object that was discovered.
C. To show that the discovery was not important.
D. To hide the subject of the sentence.

Answer: B
Pembahasan: Fokus kalimat pasif ada pada penicillin (yang ditemukan), bukan pada Fleming sebagai subjek.

Question 2 TKA Bahasa Inggris

In the sentence “The discovery was considered one of the most important breakthroughs”, which noun is the subject receiving the action?

A. The discovery
B. One of the most important breakthroughs
C. Medical history
D. Alexander Fleming

Answer: A
Pembahasan: Subjek The discovery menerima tindakan “was considered”.

Question 3

What does the sentence “millions of lives were saved” mean?

A. Millions of lives saved themselves.
B. Millions of lives were successfully rescued.
C. Millions of people did the rescuing.
D. Millions of people died.

Answer: B
Pembahasan: Passive Voice “were saved” menunjukkan millions of lives menerima tindakan penyelamatan.

Question 4 TKA Bahasa Inggris

Choose three sentences that are grammatically correct in Passive Voice.

1. The homework was finished by the students yesterday.
2. The new phones are sell in the market.
3. The experiment is being conducted in the laboratory.
4. The cake will be baked by my mother tomorrow.
5. The project has finished by the engineers.

Answer: 1, 3, 4
Pembahasan:

• (1) Benar → was finished (Simple Past Passive).
• (2) Salah → harusnya are sold.
• (3) Benar → is being conducted (Present Continuous Passive).
• (4) Benar → will be baked (Future Passive).
• (5) Salah → harusnya has been finished.

Question 5 TKA Bahasa Inggris

Select three sentences that are correct Passive Voice structures.

1. English is taught in many countries.
2. The letter wrote by my friend last week.
3. The windows were broken during the storm.
4. The meeting is schedule by the manager.
5. The problem has been solved completely.

Answer: 1, 3, 5
Pembahasan:

• (1) Benar → is taught (Present Passive).
• (2) Salah → harusnya was written.
• (3) Benar → were broken (Past Passive).
• (4) Salah → harusnya is scheduled.
• (5) Benar → has been solved (Present Perfect Passive).

Strategi Menjawab Soal Passive Voice

1. Perhatikan kata kerja utama (apakah bentuknya V2, V3, atau dengan auxiliary be).
2. Cek apakah subjek melakukan atau menerima tindakan.
3. Fokus pada konteks bacaan (apakah menekankan pelaku atau objek).
4. Waspada distractor berupa kesalahan bentuk kata kerja (misalnya is write → salah, seharusnya is written).
5. Latih membaca teks formal (berita, artikel, laporan ilmiah) karena banyak menggunakan Passive Voice.

Passive Voice adalah bentuk kalimat yang menempatkan subjek sebagai penerima tindakan. Dalam bacaan TKA SMA, kalimat pasif sering digunakan untuk:

• menekankan objek,
• menyembunyikan atau mengabaikan pelaku,
• atau memberikan nuansa formal dan objektif.

Dengan memahami struktur dan fungsi Passive Voice, siswa akan lebih mudah menganalisis teks bacaan dan menjawab soal.

Melalui contoh soal di atas, terlihat bahwa Passive Voice tidak hanya tentang rumus, tetapi juga pemahaman konteks bacaan. Dengan berlatih terus, siswa akan terbiasa mengenali pola kalimat pasif dan menggunakannya dengan tepat.

Bimbel Lavender siap membantu siswa menguasai materi ini melalui latihan soal, pembahasan, dan strategi cepat menjawab soal TKA SMA Bahasa Inggris.